Top Trumps Volcanoes Card Game

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Deadliness – 190. Past eruptions of Vesuvius have certainly been destructive, and have led to significant casualties. A repeat of even a moderate-scale explosive eruption, like that of 1631, could be highly damaging to the modern city. Unpredictability– 33. Krakatau is now settled into a fairly regular pattern of small to moderate eruptions, and this will most likely continue for the foreseeable future.

Unpredictability An index from 0 to 100 that relates to the relative variability of activity at that volcano. We used this category to find a way to express the ‘range’ of activity that a volcano has, in numbers. It is essentially an expression the range of sizes of activity and its frequency of eruption. A volcano that erupts relatively often but with little change in the style or size of activity is more predictable than one capable of producing a wide range of eruptions. An example of a low scoring ( relatively predictable) volcano is Stromboli. In the STREVA Project we are working to improve the way in which monitoring data can provide additional warnings of that activity. There is a blog here about one piece of research that looked at how satellites might improve the way we can detect early signs of activity. Height– 2549 m. Before the May 1980 eruption, Mount St Helens’ summit was the fifth highest peak in Washington State, reaching 2950 m. Now, it’s not even in the ‘Top 20’ peaks of the region, and is dwarfed by Mount Rainier, a huge ice-capped volcano that lies about 55 km to the north.

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Fun fact– One of the many disaster movies about volcanoes is ‘ Krakatoa, East of Java‘, released in 1969. As well as mis-spelling the name of the volcano, Krakatau is, of course, west of Java! Last known eruption: Yasur has been in a continuous state of activity since at least 1774, when Captain James Cook first reported the sighting of ‘ a Volcano which threw up vast quantities of fire and smoak and made a rumbling noise which was heard at a good distance.’ Height– 5,897m. Not much more needs to be said about that. The Top Trump for height in our collection.

We have produced the numbers and indexes used in Top Trumps from the real data associated with their activity. Unpredictability– 7. Its current state of almost continuous activity means that Yasur’s unpredictability is quite low.Last known eruption: March 2010 – June 2010. The eruption began with a small fire-fountaining eruption, from a fissure called Fimmvörðuháls about 5 kilometres east of the summit. The main explosive part of the eruption began, rather unexpectedly, in the summit on April 14th, and continued on and off for a few weeks. Eyjafjallajökull is not a very active, or very well known volcano. It last erupted in 1821 – 1823, and may have erupted four or five times in the past 2000 years. Krakatau is a major caldera volcano, that lies in the sea to the west of Java, Indonesia. It is one of the many active volcanoes of the Sunda Arc, which is forming as a result of the subduction of the Australian plate beneath the Sunda plate. Krakatau is not the only volcano of this chain to have erupted with devastating consequences. Toba, to the north, was responsible for the largest known eruption of the past 100,000 years; while Tambora and Rinjani, to the south east, had major eruptions in 1815 and 1257, both of which may have had global consequences. There are 16 cards in total, with each containing a photo of a different volcano as well as its key facts, such as its height, eruption cycle, and when it last erupted.